A Core is a division of CPU. When we talk about a Quad-Core processor or a processor with 4 Cores. That means the Processor has been split into 4 parts.

This man named Gordon Moore who is co-founder of Intel made an observation that we now call Moore's Law. Observing the rapid increase in performance of microchips he stated that transistors on a microchip will be doubled every two years while the price is halved. Those were the days when the number of transistors and clock speed are the only parameters describing the performance of a microchip or a processor.

All changed when Multi-Core processors entered the market. The concept behind that is pretty simple. If we have two cores on a processor, each core can perform a different task individually. So instead of struggling to increase the speed of operation, now our processor can perform two tasks simultaneously. The same goes for 4 cores and 6 cores. That means my I5 processor can handle 6 different tasks simultaneously as per the knowledge I have this far.

But what is a thread? I asked myself. Then I remembered that know nothing about it, and I asked google.
A thread essentially means a sequence of operations (sequence of 1's and 0's). For a processor to perform a task or do a computation, it needs instructions and data and this thread carries these sequences. Think of a thread as a conveyer belt carrying material into a machine (in this case, a processor). Let's consider we have one thread per core in my 6 core processor. So 6 tasks are being handled by the CPU and these threads are carrying data into them.

Wait! but my processor has 12 threads, which means we have 2 threads per core. This actually means two different tasks can send(or receive) instructions and data to a core. The core handles these threads based on what the OS tells it to do. Generally, a core executes both the threads simultaneously, actually what happens is the core switches between these threads in an optimised way making it look like it is executing both threads simultaneously which is called Concurrency.

This now means that my I5 processor can handle 12 tasks at a time.
So the term 6 Cores, 12 Threads means that the processor has 6 physical cores and 12 logical cores.

Spoiler alert: This is going to be really crazy

Now let's think of a core as a waiter in a restaurant. If a core is a waiter you must've understood that a restaurant is a computer. Now 6 waiters can deliver 6 different orders to different tables. Now if we make our waiters carry 2 orders at a time like assigning two threads per core. They can actually deliver 12 different orders.

I know that comparing a CPU core to a waiter is crazy, but I did it anyway.

Technically No, but Yes. If you are performing one task on a single-core processor with a clock speed of 2.4 GHz and the same task on an octa-core processor with a clock speed of 1.8GHz. The single-core processor wins. But in real-world processors don't handle just one task. So, when there is a complex process with multiple tasks, a multi-core processor actually wins.

Is a multi-core processor more powerful than a single-core processor?
Not necessarily. But it is more efficient.

Thank you for reading.